Chastene Christopher Flake, Imoan Shallom Aguas, Archie Policarpio, Angelanna Ysais, Raphael Enrique Tiongco, Annalyn Navarro
Keywords
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha • Interferon-gamma • Infl ammatory cytokines • Diabetic nephropathy • Urine • Systematic review
Abstract
Objective In this systematic review, we determined the association of selected inflammatory cytokines in blood and urine with diabetic nephropathy (DN).
Methods A literature search using the key terms "tumor necrosis factor-alpha," "interferon-gamma," and "diabetic nephropathy" was conducted in PubMed from December 2020 to January 2021. Relevant findings from these studies were collated for qualitative synthesis.
Results Based on the synthesis of results, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were consistently higher among DN patients than T2DM patients with no renal complications and healthy individuals. A negative correlation with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and a positive correlation with the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were also noted by most studies which assessed their relationship with renal markers.
Conclusion The findings of this systematic review suggest the association of serum and urinary TNF-α and IFN-γ levels with diabetic nephropathy. However, further studies must be conducted to confirm these findings
